犬瘟热病毒抗体检测方法的比较研究

用犬瘟热（ＣＤ）弱毒和自制的高免犬血清，建立了检测犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）抗体的中和（ＳＮ）试验、间接荧光抗体技术（ＩＦＡＴ）和间接免疫酶染色法。这３种方法对３８份ＣＤ弱毒疫苗免疫犬血清抗体效价的测定结果表明，当被检血清稀释度为１∶１００时，ＳＮ试验、ＩＦＡＴ和间接免疫酶染色法测定时的阳性血清数分别为２９，７和３１份，ＩＦＡＴ和间接免疫酶染色法测定结果相对于ＳＮ试验结果的符合率分别为４２．１％和９４．７％。同时发现，当ＳＮ试验测定的血清效价在１∶１００以上时，ＩＦＡＴ测定结果总是在１∶２５以上，间接免疫酶染色法测定结果总是在１∶１００以上。３种方法以各自初步确定的ＣＤＶ血清抗体效价完全保护值指标计算所测血清的完全保护率，ＳＮ试验为７６．３％，ＩＦＡＴ为７８．９％，间接免疫酶染色法为８１．６％。据此认为，ＩＦＡＴ和间接免疫酶染色法均可部分代替ＳＮ试验用于ＣＤ疫苗免疫效果的评价、免疫犬抗体水平的监测以及ＣＤ的流行病学调查     

羊群绵羊肺炎支原体抗体间接ELISA 检测方法的建立

利用绵羊肺炎支原体国际标准株Y-98,制备全细胞抗原,作为包被抗原,建立了一种间接ELISA方法。对4个不同羊场进行了血清学调查,确定了MoP抗体阳性率各为90%、70%、83.3%和73.9%。同间接血凝试验和鼻腔拭子培养结果相比,间接ELISA方法更加特异敏感,检出率更高,从而对该病的诊断和免疫程序的制定具有重要意义。     

Antibody response in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in relation to water temperature and oxygenation

The influence of water temperature and water oxygenation on the specific antibody response was evaluated by indirect ELISA in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) immunized against human‐γ‐ globulins emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. A higher antibody response was observed in fish reared at 24 and 30 °C, than at 12 and 18 °C. For the fish group reared at 24 °C, the immunological observation was carried out until 300 days after immunization. At the end of this period, fish kept at 24 °C still showed immunological competence, although the antibody response began to decrease significantly from 120 days after the immunization. Fish reared under mild hyperoxia and normoxia conditions had higher antibody responses than fish reared under mild hypoxia conditions. Moreover, at the end of the experimental period of 56 days the antibody response of fish reared under hyperoxia conditions was significantly higher than the immune response detected in fish reared under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.     

Interactions between different genotypic tissues in citrus graft chimeras

The heritability of tolerance of wheat F₃ lines to competition from annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), and its relationship to morphological traits, were determined using crosses between wheat cultivars with good and poor competitive ability. Forty F₂-derived F₃ lines from a cross between two late flowering varieties (Machete × Spear) and 40 from a cross between early flowering varieties (Wilgoyne × Gutha) were grown in the field with and without annual ryegrass. There was significant genetic variation between lines within each of the two populations in a number of aspects of plant growth and development, including yield in monoculture. The estimates of heritability for % yield loss due to competition were 0.25 and 0.57 in the two crosses respectively, indicating that selection for high tolerance to competition in the F₃ generation or later should be effective. Fairly strong relationships between height and % yield loss and between leaf length and % yield loss suggest that these may be useful auxiliary traits when selecting for low % yield loss. However, differences between crosses in the magnitude and sign of genetic and phenotypic correlation between traits indicate that competitive ability is a complex character influenced by many factors. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Selection for Seed Yield in Lolium perenne L.*

Components of seed yield were estimated for each set of 100 plants derived from six varieties of Lolium perenne. Significant differences between the varieties were found for all components of seed yield, but the range was broader within each variety. An indirect selection of seed yield using the character seeds per spike produced a selection response similar to that obtained by direct selection on high seed yield per plant. A direct and indirect selection of characters estimated in small, drilled plots of topcross off-springs (F₁) was less successful than the selection based on the single plants. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the single plants and their offsprings did not show significant agreement for seed yield. But altogether the results indicated that the increase of seed yield/area was about 6 % when 10 % of the best plants were selected.     

Indirect Regulation Pricing Methods of Public Utility

The author analyses the advantages and disadvantages of common indirect regulation pricing methods of public utility goods. It is pointed out that it results in high trade-cost and A-J effect binging in an excess of investment when capital yield method be used. It is not reasonable enough in setting PRI-X of PRI-X pricing method. An integrated indirect regulation pricing method is put forward which is to form a two-tier incentive mechanics both in expanding producing ability and improving efficiency. In initial stages of new public project, capital yield method should be used in order to activate investment motive. Upper-limit pricing method should be used in anaphase in order to improve the producing efficiency.     

Selection for Increased Seed Nitrogen Accumulation in Common Bean: Implications for Improving Dinitrogen Fixation and Seed Yield

Estimates of N₂ fixation in segregating populations of bean plants based on ¹⁵N-isotope methods are technically demanding and expensive; therefore, indirect measures based on related traits including total seed N were used to select for improved N₂ fixation and yield. In 1985, six populations of F₂-derived F₃ families resulting from six parental lines crossed to a common tester were grown in field trials on a low-N soil. In 1986, 25 selected half-sib families and two populations of full-sib F₄ families were grown under similar conditions. Parents and a non-nodulating soybean line were included both years. Narrow sense (H_NS) heritability estimates based on parent-offspring regressions ranged from 0.57 for total seed N to 0.39 for shoot biomass in one population, but were near zero for all measured traits in a second population. Among the criteria used to identify parental lines with superior potential for producing progenies with high total seed N, testcross population means combined with estimates of realized heritability were the most reliable. Selection of the best F₃ families for total seed N resulted in F₄ families with increased total seed N and higher seed yields, while seed protein percentage was unchanged. When plants are grown on low-N soils, selection for total seed N offers a useful alternative to selection for increased N₂ fixation based on ¹⁵N-isotopic or total-N-difference method.     

免疫亲和层析法分离鸡补体C3d蛋白研究

利用抗鸡C3 21肽抗体制备免疫亲和层析柱,对鸡补体C3d进行了分离,并采用间接酶联免疫吸附实验(间接ELISA),对洗脱液中的C3d组分进行了检测,以SDS-PAGE电泳方法对分离到的C3d进行了检测。结果表明,利用亲和柱层析能够分离得到纯度较高的C3d蛋白,为鸡血清中C3d的提取纯化提供了较为简便的方法。     

对一个特殊的财产损失案的评估分析

通过对一个财产损失案的评估分析认为,在目前资产评估的政策法规还不健全的情况下,应当根据实际情况灵活运用各种具体评估方法,才能取得较为客观、公正的评估结果。     

论语境与翻译选词

本文旨在通过对决定语言意义的具体语言环境，即直接语言环境、间接语言环境及语言所蕴含的文化背景等三个方面进行全而的剖析，以期寻求如何正确地理解原文的含义以及如何把原文的含义在译文中巧妙体现出来的应对策略，并因此强调说明语境对翻译选词的重要影响和决定性作用。